A construção da crítica : sobre tipologia, a regra e o modelo, o tratado de Vitrúvio , Solà-Morales e a fragilidade da arquitectura contemporânea ... para além das metanarrativas

Tese de Mestrado em Arquitectura

A construção da crítica : sobre tipologia, a regra e o modelo, o tratado de Vitrúvio , Solà-Morales e a fragilidade da arquitectura contemporânea ... para além das metanarrativas

Trabalho de Síntese apresentado no âmbito das Provas de Aptidão Pedagógica e Capacidade Científica apresentado ao Departamento de Arquitectura da FCT da Universidade de Coimbra

REVISITING POST-CIAM GENERATION. Debates, proposals and intellectual framework

Proceedings of the International Conference REVISITING POST-CIAM GENERATION. Debates, proposals and intellectual framework. In August 1956, Jose Luis Sert opened the Congres Internationaux d'Architecture Modeme (ClAM 10), held in Dubrovnik, by reading the well-known message of Le Corbusier in which he justified his absence by claiming the existence of a generational tension. Indeed, the doctrinarian values of modernism - such as functionalism, scientific progress, and rational social planning - that once drove the congress were challenged by a group of young architects and resulted in the emergence of new perspectives. Yet, this "generation" was far beyond from being a homogeneous group both in conceptual chronological and geographical terms. In Portugal, immediately after that moment, the magazine Arquitectura completely redefined its editorial structure, starting a new edition in early 1957. Gathering a young group of architects, art historians, and critics of art and cinema, this magazine furthered the questions launched at ClAM, thus debating the duties and role of the critic, and scrutinizing the "strong relation" (Vieira de Almeida, 2012) between theory, criticism, history and architectural design. Some of the actors and the narratives they shaped in this moment of change are widely known in architectural studies. However, the distinct manner of intellectual appropriation and critical reception of this debate in a transnational perspective is a matter that should be reexamined. How was the debate reabsorbed by architectural criticism in different geographical areas? What was its actual impact on the mechanisms of mediation as well as on the profile of the agents of criticism? This conference intended to address these questions. The aim was to examine, in a comparative view, the ways in which the same debate was received, discussed and disseminated in different regions, on one hand; and to understand how this moment contributed to a rethinking of the relation between architectural practice and critical production, on the other. We selected papers that offer new insights on the topic by exploring themes such as: the circulation of ideas and the contribution of different regions to the 1960s and 1970s architectural culture; the relation between architecture and political engagement; the interaction between theoretical-critical production and architectural design; the mechanisms and strategies of dissemination, journals, books, manifestos, movies, documentaries, etc.); the introduction of concepts from other fields of knowledge and the inclusion of social sciences in architecture writing; the critical analyses of the historiography produced on the period. Texts: BANDEIRINHA, José António – Three buttons on the sleeves.  United States 1960 and Távora’s strangeness, p. 15-27; JANNIÈRE, Hélène –1964. French criticism and its discontents: à propos of a special issue of L’Architecture d’Aujourd'hui, p. 28; MORAVÁNSZKY, Ákos – “Pro and Contra CIAM”: Modernism and its Discontents, p. 29-38; TOSTÕES, Ana – Rebels with a cause. Aldo van Eyck and Pancho Guedes, how to find a meaning for the act of built, p. 39-52; BONFANTE, Francesca; PALLINI, Cristina – The Italian debate after the ‘retreat’, p. 55-67; CHARITONIDOU, Marianna – An action towards Humanization. Doorn manifesto in a transnational perspective, p. 68-86; DELGADO PÁEZ, Fernando – A variable in Paulo Mendes da Rocha’s single-storey houses, p. 87-102; ESTEBAN-MALUENDA, Ana; GIL DONOSO, Eva; TEJERO, Elena – ‘Sesiones de Crítica de Arquitectura’. The change in architectural debate in the Spain of the 1960s, p. 103-119; FERNANDES, Eduardo – The tectonic shift in Fernando Távora’s work in the Post-CIAM years, p. 120-134; FLORES, Joaquim Moura – The Barredo’s urban renewal study – The third way in Portuguese historic cities urban conservation, p. 135-148; GALJER, Jasna – Radical or not at all?  Architectural criticism as a vehicle of CIAM and Team 10 networking in socialist Yugoslavia, p. 149-166; GRIECO, Lorenzo – Breaking Barriers. Giancarlo De Carlo from CIAM to ILAUD, p. 167-180; KOROLIJA, Aleksa – Back to Monumentality. Modernisation and Memorialisation in Post-war Yugoslavia, p. 181-195; KOURNIATI, Marilena – Team 10 The ‘Youngers’ or the construction of ‘another’ avant-garde, p. 196; LOPES DIAS, Tiago– Debating Modern Architecture. A brief account of the Iberian Peninsula circa 1967, p. 197-212; MERINO DEL RÍO, Rebeca – Forum’ Architectural journal as an educational and spreading media in the Netherlands. Influences on Herman Hertzberger, p. 213-231; MINCIACCHI, Lavinia Ann – From ‘Casabella’ to ‘Arquitectura’ – The Italian influence on Portuguese Post-CIAM debate, p. 232-250; NUNES, Jorge – Early years. Manfredo Tafuri and Rem Koolhaas´s first reflections on the Metropolis, p. 251-268; ORTIZ DOS SANTOS, Daniela – Displacement and the Making of Modern Architecture – A South-South Perspective, p. 269-270; SAKKA, Anastasia – Ekistics, or the Science of human settlements, through the paradigm of the Master Plan of Islamabad, p. 271-286; SIEFERT, Rebecca – An American Think Tank with ‘Something too European About it’. Theory, Politics, and Feminism at the IAUS in New York, p. 287-299; SIGGE, Erik – Hereditary structures of influence. Generational succession and international exchange of the Swedish CIAM Group and beyond, p. 300-301; SILVA, João Almeida e – Learning from EVA - A history of homes that were advertising gifts, p. 302-303; SUNG, Yuchen Sharon – The typology of apartments in the new “Radiant City” in Taichung, Taiwan, p. 304; VELA CASTILLO, Jose – Y el Madrid, Qué, ¿Otra Vez Campeón de Europa? ¿No? /And Real Madrid Once Again European Champion, Right? Spanish architecture and CIAM debates from 1953 to 1959, p. 305-355info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Novas técnicas de manutenção de um matadouro

Hoje em dia a manutenção ocupa um papel fundamental no correto funcionamento de uma empresa. No âmbito do Mestrado em Equipamentos e Sistemas Mecânicos, foi efetuado um estudo na área de especialização da Manutenção de Equipamentos e Sistemas Mecânicos com o intuito de deteção de eventuais avarias que comprometam o funcionamento da empresa Fresbeira Industria de Carnes Lda. Trata-se de uma empresa que se dedica ao abate de suínos, ovinos e posteriormente á transformação de carnes em produtos de consumo alimentar. Este estudo focou-se essencialmente nos seguintes aspetos: Analise de todo o tipo de avarias existentes na unidade fabril Criação de planos de manutenção preventiva para todos os equipamentos Novas técnicas de deteção de avarias Com este estudo é possível prevenir, melhorar e otimizar toda a linha de produção de modo a garantir a mais elevada produtividade com a melhor qualidade possível

Charcos Temporários do Sul de Portugal

Este livro oferece, de uma forma simplificada, uma visão integrada da biodiversidade dos charcos temporários da região Sul de Portugal Continental, com especial enfâse para as espécies de flora características destas habitats

Mesocarnivore community structure under predator control: Unintended patterns in a conservation context

Across the Mediterranean, conservation programmes often operate concomitantly with hunting interests within game-lands. Carnivore guilds lie at the interface between contrasting management goals, being simultaneously fundamental components of ecosystems and targets of predator control to reduce predation on game species. Here, we evaluate the composition and spatial structure of a mesocarnivore community in a protected area of Southeast Portugal, with high economic investment in conservation and significant hunting activity. Between June and August 2015, we deployed 77 camera-traps across a ~80 km2 area. We report on interspecific disparities in mesocarnivore occupancy and associated environmental determinants. Contrasting occupancy states suggest an unbalanced community, biased towards the widespread occurrence of the red fox Vulpes vulpes () compared to other species (stone marten Martes foina, European badger Meles meles, Egyptian mongoose Herpestes ichneumon, common genet Genetta genetta, and Eurasian otter Lutra lutra) exhibiting spatially-restricted occupancy patterns (). The feral cat Felis silvestris catus was the exception () and, together with the stone marten, exhibited a positive association with human settlements. These findings are consistent with theoretical predictions on how mesocarnivore communities are shaped by the effects of non-selective predator control, paradoxically favouring species with higher population growth rates and dispersal abilities, such as the red fox. Our results reinforce the need to understand the role of predator control as a community structuring agent with potential unintended effects, while exposing issues hindering such attempts, namely non-selective illegal killing or biased/concealed information on legal control measures.Funding was received from the LIFE+ Nature project LIFE13 NAT/PT/001300 (http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/

Papel da membrana plasmática na adaptação de Saccharomyces cerevisie ao H2O2

Tese de doutoramento, Bioquímica (Regulação Bioquímica), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2009Na levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a velocidade de difusão do peróxido de hidrogénio (H2O2) através da membrana plasmática diminui durante a adaptação ao H2O2 através de um mecanismo desconhecido. Neste trabalho experimental, observou-se que a adaptação ao H2O2 modula rapidamente não só a expressão de genes que codificam para proteínas envolvidas no metabolismo do ergosterol, lípidos e resposta ao stress oxidativo, como também a própria permeabilidade da membrana plasmática. A adaptação ao H2O2 também altera a composição lipídica e proteica da membrana plasmática. As principais alterações observadas foram as seguintes: (a) uma diminuição nos níveis de ácido oleico (30%) e da razão entre ácidos gordos de cadeia longa saturados e insaturados; (b) a razão fosfatidilcolina:fosfatidiletanolamina aumentou três vezes; (c) os níveis de esteróis mantiveram-se inalterados mas ocorreu um aumento da heterogeneidade de microdomínios ricos em esteróis e de domínios ordenados; (d) os níveis de esqualeno, um precursor de esteróis, aumentaram duas vezes, correlacionando-se com uma diminuição na expressão do gene ERG1; (e) o C26:0 tornou-se o ácido gordo de cadeia muito longa (VLCFA) maioritário devido a uma diminuição de 80% nos níveis do ácido gordo 2-OH-C26:0 e uma diminuição de 50% nos níveis do ácido gordo C20:0 provavelmente relacionada com uma diminuição da expressão de genes envolvidos na elongação de ácidos gordos (FAS1, FEN1, SUR4), e na síntese de ceramidas (LIP1, LAC1); (f) um aumento nos níveis das proteínas Pil1p, Kes1p e Vsp4p que estão envolvidas na distribuição de lípidos na membrana plasmática e em particular nos seus microdomínios; (g) um aumento da regeneração de NADPH através da alteração da expressão de enzimas chave das vias dos fosfatos de pentose e glicolítica; (h) um aumento nos níveis de S adenosilmetionina (SAM) através da alteração da expressão de enzimas chave na via biossintética da metionina; (i) um aumento dos níveis da proteína Ahp1p, funcionando provavelmente a mesma como parte de um complexo de eliminação de H2O2 na membrana plasmática. Concluindo, a adaptação ao H2O2 leva a uma complexa reorganização dos vários componentes da membrana plasmática e em particular dos seus microdomínios, o que pode explicar a menor permeabilidade ao H2O2, sendo que este composto também emerge como um importante regulador do metabolismo lipídico e da composição proteica e lipídica da membrana plasmática em S. cerevisiae.In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the rate of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) diffusion through the plasma membrane decreases during adaptation to H2O2 by a still unknown mechanism. Here, adaptation to H2O2 was observed to modulate rapidly not only the expression of genes coding for enzymes involved in ergosterol, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress response but also the plasma membrabne permeability constant. Adaptation to H2O2 also alters the lipid and protein composition of the plasma membrane. The main changes observed during adaptation were the following: (a) a decrease of oleic acid (30 %) and of the ratio between unsaturated and saturated long-chain fatty acids; (b) the phosphatidylcholine:phosphatidylethanolamine ratio increased three-fold; (c) sterol levels were unaltered but there was an increased heterogeneity of sterol-rich microdomains and increased ordered domains; (d) the levels of the sterol precursor squalene increased twofold, in agreement with ERG1 gene down-regulation; (e) C26:0 became the major verylong- chain fatty acid (VLCFA) due to a 80% decrease of 2-hydroxy-C26:0 levels and a 50 % decrease of C20:0 levels, probably related to the down-regulation of fatty acid elongation (FAS1, FEN1, SUR4), and ceramide synthase (LIP1, LAC1) genes; (f) an increase in Pil1p, Kes1p and Vsp4p levels which are involved in the distribution of lipids in the plasma membrane and in particular in the plasma membrane microdomains; (g) an increase in NADPH production through changes in the expression of key enzymes in the pentose and glycolitic pathway; (h) an increase in S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) production through changes in the expression of key enzymes in the methionine pathway; (i) an increase in the Ahp1p levels, which probably is part of a H2O2 elimination complex in the plasma membrane. Therefore, H2O2 adaptation leads to a complex reorganization of the plasma membrane microdomains, which may explain the lower permeability to H2O2, and H2O2 emerges as an important regulator of lipid metabolism and of the plasma membrane lipid and protein composition.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologi

Best practice guide: Solutions for mitigating the impacts of roads on animal communities

This guide presents a set of interventions that were implemented and tested in the framework of the LIFE LINES project (LIFE14 NAT/PT/001081), coordinated by Universidade of Évora, in close partnership with authorities responsible for the management and maintenance of road infrastructures: IP – Infraestruturas de Portugal S.A., and the municipalities of Évora and Montemor-o-Novo. Due to the nature of the project and of its geographic framework, these actions are based on demonstrative and innovating solutions at the national level, primarily targeting animal communities, and whose effectiveness is evaluated in terms of success and cost of implementation and maintenance, aiming at their replication in future infrastructure contracts and other geographic contexts and species. This guide is meant to convey the implemented solutions, namely their characteristics, technical requirements, and cost-benefit evaluations, supporting the analysis of alternative solutions to prevent impacts on animal communities when planning new roads, requalifying existing road infrastructures, or mitigating localized roadkill. Concomitantly, this guide also aims at promoting road safety by reducing the risk of collisions with medium- to large-size animals. This information is directed to those who must evaluate environmental impacts (environmental agencies and nature conservation institutes), authorities in charge of road management (concession holders, municipalities), as well as project-designers, environmental consultants, road building and maintenance companies, and other agents concerned with the implementation of good environmental practices. This guide is applicable to the areas of land use planning, infrastructure’s project or management, and environmental sciences.LIFE-LINES (LIFE14 NAT / PT / 001081) Linear Infrastructure Networks with Ecological Solutions 60% co-financed project by the LIFE - Nature and Biodiversity Program of the European Commissio